Why are you so grumpy?

Understanding Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) in Autism

Sensory processing disorder (SPD) frequently coexists with autism, as individuals on the spectrum process sensory information differently compared to neurotypical (NT) individuals. The senses involved include vision, hearing, touch, taste, and smell. Autistic individuals may exhibit various signs such as frustration, overwhelm, low mood, distraction, headaches, irritability, hyperactivity, sickness, fear, anxiety, and pain due to how they process sensory information. This can create challenges in daily tasks and influence their life choices.

Sensory Sensitivities

Individuals with SPD may experience either heightened or reduced sensitivity, sensory overload, and difficulty discerning which senses are providing input.

• Hyper-sensitivity occurs when someone is extremely sensitive to sensory stimuli. For instance:

  • They may avoid certain clothing because of the texture or sounds it produces.

  • Sensitivity to noises, such as electrical humming or crowded environments, might lead them to wear ear defenders to mitigate sound.

  • Specific food textures may provoke gagging or difficulty swallowing.

  • Strong smells can cause nasal and mouth irritation, leading to headaches or migraines.

  • Bright lights or sunshine may trigger irritation and visual impairments.

These experiences can result in discomfort, anxiety, and sensory overload.

What Is Sensory Overload?

Sensory overload happens when all of an individual's senses are activated in their environment, overwhelming their sensory system. Their brain struggles to filter and process this sensory input, making it challenging to focus on specific stimuli or understand their significance. This can result in stress, meltdowns, or shutdowns.

Coping Mechanisms

Coping strategies are common among autistic individuals with SPD. They may intentionally engage in certain sensory behaviours, such as repetitive movements, stimming, or seeking intense sensory input, to help regulate their sensory systems and alleviate sensitivities.

Adaptive strategies can also assist in managing sensory input and creating a calmer state. Examples include:

• Fidget toys

• Ear defenders

• Chew toys

• Weighted blankets and pads

• Coloured lighting

These tools can help individuals find balance and comfort in their sensory experiences.